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certain knowledge

  • 1 Knowledge

       It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)
       It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.
       But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)
       Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).
       Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])
       Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....
       This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)
       Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)
       Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)
       "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.
       Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge

  • 2 completely certain that something is true or will happen (Longman)

    Idiomatic expression: safe in the knowledge that

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > completely certain that something is true or will happen (Longman)

  • 3 completely certain that something is true or will happen

    Idiomatic expression: (Longman) safe in the knowledge that

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > completely certain that something is true or will happen

  • 4 Gewissheit

    f; nur Sg. certainty; innere: assurance; mit Gewissheit for certain, with certainty; zur Gewissheit werden become certain ( oder a certainty); Gewissheit erlangen über (+ Akk) become certain of ( oder about); sich (Dat) Gewissheit verschaffen über (+ Akk) make sure about ( oder of), find out for certain about; die Gewissheit haben, dass... know for sure ( oder certain) that...; ich muss Gewissheit haben I want to be sure (of oder about it)
    * * *
    die Gewissheit
    sureness; certainty; certitude
    * * *
    Ge|wịss|heit
    f -, -en
    certainty

    mit Gewissheit — with certainty; wissen for certain or sure

    Gewissheit erlangen — to achieve certain knowledge

    See:
    * * *
    Ge·wiss·heitRR, Ge·wiß·heitALT
    <-, -en>
    f selten pl certainty
    \Gewissheit haben to be certain [or sure]
    sich dat \Gewissheit [über etw akk] verschaffen to find out for certain [about sth]
    \Gewissheit [über etw akk] erlangen to attain certainty [or certain knowledge] of sth
    jdm die \Gewissheit geben, dass... to convince sb that...
    [volle [o absolute]] \Gewissheit über etw akk haben to be [fully [or completely]] certain [or sure] about [or of] sth
    zur \Gewissheit reifen, sich akk zur \Gewissheit verdichten (geh) to become a [or liter harden into] certainty
    mit \Gewissheit with certainty
    etw mit \Gewissheit wissen to know sth for certain [or sure]
    * * *
    die; Gewissheit, Gewissheiten certainty

    sich (Dat.) Gewissheit verschaffen — find out for certain

    * * *
    Gewissheit f; nur sg certainty; innere: assurance;
    mit Gewissheit for certain, with certainty;
    zur Gewissheit werden become certain ( oder a certainty);
    Gewissheit erlangen über (+akk) become certain of ( oder about);
    sich (dat)
    Gewissheit verschaffen über (+akk) make sure about ( oder of), find out for certain about;
    die Gewissheit haben, dass … know for sure ( oder certain) that …;
    ich muss Gewissheit haben I want to be sure (of oder about it)
    * * *
    die; Gewissheit, Gewissheiten certainty

    sich (Dat.) Gewissheit verschaffen — find out for certain

    * * *
    f.
    assuredness n.
    certainty n.
    certitude n.
    sureness n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Gewissheit

  • 5 vissa

    * * *
    f. certain knowledge, certainty (hafa vissu af e-u); gera e-m vissu af e-u, to give notice of.
    * * *
    u, f. certain knowledge, certainty; hafa vissu af e-u, to have a certainty, certain knowledge of, Stj. 12; hafa örugga vissu af hvar hann er, id.; þó at hann hefði eigi fulla vissa af hverr sá Guð var, Fms. ii. 47; hafa skynsemd eðr vissu af e-u, i. 138; útan alla vissu, Stj. 6; göra e-m vissu af e-u, to give notice of, Grett. 68 new Ed., Fas. iii. 118, Fb. iii. 316; þá kom sú vissa ( certain news) norðan frá Hólum, at …, Bs. i. 824; vita sína fulla vissu, to know for certain, Rétt. 30.
    2. a surety, as a law term; setja vissu fyrir e-u, N. G. L. ii. 336, D. N. i. 480.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > vissa

  • 6 насколько это известно

    1. to the best of belief

    быть известным под именем … — to go by the title of …

    2. to the best of knowledge and belief

    насколько я знаю; насколько мне известно — to my knowledge

    то, что известно всем — general knowledge

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > насколько это известно

  • 7 насколько мне известно

    1. from what i know

    известный под именем; известный как — known as

    2. to the best of my belief

    быть известным под именем … — to go by the title of …

    3. to the best of my knowledge and belief

    то, что известно всем — general knowledge

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > насколько мне известно

  • 8 conciencia

    f.
    1 conscience, awareness, consciousness, alertness.
    2 conscience.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: concienciar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: concienciar.
    * * *
    1 (moral) conscience
    2 (conocimiento) consciousness, awareness
    \
    a conciencia conscientiously
    con la conciencia tranquila with a clear conscience
    en conciencia in truth
    remorderle a alguien la conciencia to weigh on somebody's conscience
    tener conciencia de algo to be aware of something
    tomar conciencia de algo to become aware of something
    conciencia de clase class-consciousness
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=moralidad) conscience

    no tienes conciencia, tratar así a tu pobre madre — you have no conscience, treating your poor mother like that

    • en conciencia — in all conscience

    en conciencia no podemos permitir que se produzca esa situación — in all conscience, we cannot allow that situation to arise

    actuar u obrar en conciencia — to act in good conscience

    • libertad de conciencia — freedom of conscience

    • tener la conciencia limpia — to have a clear conscience

    • tener mala conciencia — to have a guilty o bad conscience

    • remorder a algn la conciencia, me remuerde la conciencia por haberle mentido — I've got a guilty o bad conscience about lying to him

    • tener la conciencia tranquila — to have a clear conscience

    ancho 1., 4), anchura 3), cargo 5), gusanillo 4), objetor, preso 2.
    2)

    • a conciencia — (=con dedicación) conscientiously; (=con mala intención) on purpose

    lo has hecho a conciencia para fastidiarme — you deliberately did it to annoy me, you did it on purpose to annoy me

    3) (=capacidad de juicio) awareness

    debería haber una mayor conciencia sobre los riesgos del alcohol — people should be more aware of the risks of alcohol, there should be greater awareness of the risks of alcohol

    lo ha hecho con plena conciencia del daño que podía causar — he did it in full knowledge of the damage he might cause, he was fully aware of the damage he might cause when he did it

    • a conciencia de que... — fully aware that..., in the certain knowledge that...

    • despertar la conciencia de algn — to raise sb's consciousness o awareness

    • tener conciencia de algo, no tienen conciencia de nación — they have no sense of national identity

    • tomar conciencia de algo — to become aware of sth

    tomar conciencia de que... — to become aware that...

    4) (Med) consciousness

    • perder la conciencia — to lose consciousness

    * * *
    1) ( en moral) conscience

    tener la conciencia limpia or tranquila — to have a clear o clean conscience

    tener mala conciencia or la conciencia sucia — to have a bad o guilty conscience

    no siente ningún cargo or remordimiento de conciencia — she feels no remorse

    2) ( conocimiento) awareness

    tomar or adquirir conciencia de algo — to become aware of something

    •
    * * *
    = conscience, consciousness, conscious mind.
    Ex. The general conclusion was that librarians cannot avoid acting as censors, but should do so only with full awareness and a good conscience.
    Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    Ex. Just as an individual must struggle to integrate the problematic unconscious with the everyday conscious mind, so must librarians wrestle with the integration of the problematic visual media.
    ----
    * acallar la conciencia = stifle + Posesivo + conscience.
    * acallar la voz de + Posesivo + conciencia = salve + the conscience.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * actuar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * cargo de conciencia = guilty conscience.
    * con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.
    * conciencia + atormentar = conscience + smite.
    * conciencia cívica = civic mindedness.
    * conciencia culpable = guilty conscience.
    * conciencia de culpa = guilty conscience.
    * conciencia del libro = book-consciousness.
    * conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.
    * conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.
    * conciencia histórica = historical consciousness.
    * conciencia + mortificar = conscience + smite, conscience + trouble.
    * conciencia + remorder = conscience + smite, conscience + trouble.
    * conciencia social = social consciousness.
    * conciencia sucia = guilty conscience.
    * con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.
    * con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.
    * dinero para acallar la conciencia = conscience money.
    * en conciencia = in good conscience.
    * escuchar la voz de la conciencia = listen to + the voice within.
    * examen de conciencia = soul-searching, self-examination.
    * examinar + Posesivo + conciencia = search + Posesivo + conscience.
    * falta de conciencia = unconsciousness.
    * gusanillo de la conciencia, el = prickling conscience, nagging conscience, sting of remorse, sting of conscience, the.
    * la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.
    * objeción de conciencia = conscientious objection.
    * objetor de conciencia = conscientious objector.
    * obrar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * perder la conciencia = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * remoder la conciencia = nag at + the conscience.
    * remorder la conciencia = prick + conscience.
    * remordimiento de conciencia = guilty conscience, twinge of remorse.
    * tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.
    * tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.
    * tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.
    * toma de conciencia = realisation [realization, -USA], reality check.
    * tomar conciencia = sensitise [sensitize, -USA], enhance + awareness.
    * vivir con la conciencia limpia = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con la conciencia tranquila = live with + a clear conscience.
    * votar según la conciencia de Uno = vote + Posesivo + conscience.
    * voz de la conciencia, la = voice of conscience, the.
    * * *
    1) ( en moral) conscience

    tener la conciencia limpia or tranquila — to have a clear o clean conscience

    tener mala conciencia or la conciencia sucia — to have a bad o guilty conscience

    no siente ningún cargo or remordimiento de conciencia — she feels no remorse

    2) ( conocimiento) awareness

    tomar or adquirir conciencia de algo — to become aware of something

    •
    * * *
    = conscience, consciousness, conscious mind.

    Ex: The general conclusion was that librarians cannot avoid acting as censors, but should do so only with full awareness and a good conscience.

    Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    Ex: Just as an individual must struggle to integrate the problematic unconscious with the everyday conscious mind, so must librarians wrestle with the integration of the problematic visual media.
    * acallar la conciencia = stifle + Posesivo + conscience.
    * acallar la voz de + Posesivo + conciencia = salve + the conscience.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * actuar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * cargo de conciencia = guilty conscience.
    * con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.
    * conciencia + atormentar = conscience + smite.
    * conciencia cívica = civic mindedness.
    * conciencia culpable = guilty conscience.
    * conciencia de culpa = guilty conscience.
    * conciencia del libro = book-consciousness.
    * conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.
    * conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.
    * conciencia histórica = historical consciousness.
    * conciencia + mortificar = conscience + smite, conscience + trouble.
    * conciencia + remorder = conscience + smite, conscience + trouble.
    * conciencia social = social consciousness.
    * conciencia sucia = guilty conscience.
    * con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.
    * con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.
    * dinero para acallar la conciencia = conscience money.
    * en conciencia = in good conscience.
    * escuchar la voz de la conciencia = listen to + the voice within.
    * examen de conciencia = soul-searching, self-examination.
    * examinar + Posesivo + conciencia = search + Posesivo + conscience.
    * falta de conciencia = unconsciousness.
    * gusanillo de la conciencia, el = prickling conscience, nagging conscience, sting of remorse, sting of conscience, the.
    * la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.
    * objeción de conciencia = conscientious objection.
    * objetor de conciencia = conscientious objector.
    * obrar en conciencia = act in + good conscience.
    * perder la conciencia = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * remoder la conciencia = nag at + the conscience.
    * remorder la conciencia = prick + conscience.
    * remordimiento de conciencia = guilty conscience, twinge of remorse.
    * tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.
    * tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.
    * tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.
    * toma de conciencia = realisation [realization, -USA], reality check.
    * tomar conciencia = sensitise [sensitize, -USA], enhance + awareness.
    * vivir con la conciencia limpia = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con la conciencia tranquila = live with + a clear conscience.
    * votar según la conciencia de Uno = vote + Posesivo + conscience.
    * voz de la conciencia, la = voice of conscience, the.

    * * *
    A (en moral) conscience
    tener la conciencia limpia or tranquila to have a clear o clean
    tener la conciencia sucia to have a bad o guilty conscience
    no podía acallar la voz de su conciencia he could not silence the voice of his conscience
    en conciencia no puedo quedarme callada in all conscience I can't remain silent, my conscience won't allow me to remain silent
    me remuerde la conciencia my conscience is pricking me, it's on my conscience
    no siente ningún cargo or remordimiento de conciencia she feels no remorse
    muchos crímenes pesan sobre su conciencia he has many crimes on his conscience
    hacer algo a conciencia to do something conscientiously
    B (conocimiento) awareness
    lo hizo con plena conciencia de que la iba a herir he did it in the full knowledge that o fully conscious that it would hurt her
    tomar or adquirir conciencia de un problema to become aware of a problem
    quieren crear conciencia del peligro entre la población they aim to make the population aware of o to alert the population to the danger, they aim to increase public awareness of the danger
    Compuestos:
    class consciousness
    self-awareness
    * * *

     

    Del verbo concienciar: ( conjugate concienciar)

    conciencia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    conciencia    
    concienciar
    conciencia sustantivo femenino

    ◊ tener la conciencia tranquila to have a clear o clean conscience;

    tener la conciencia sucia to have a bad o guilty conscience;
    me remuerde la conciencia my conscience is pricking me;
    no siente ningún cargo de conciencia she feels no remorse;
    hacer algo a conciencia to do something conscientiously

    ◊ tener/tomar conciencia de algo to be/become aware of sth

    concienciar ( conjugate concienciar) verbo transitivo (Esp) See Also→

    conciencia sustantivo femenino
    1 (moral) conscience: tengo la conciencia tranquila, my conscience is clear
    2 (conocimiento) consciousness, awareness: no tiene conciencia del problema, he isn't aware of the problem
    tomar conciencia de algo, to become aware of sthg
    3 Med perder/recobrar la conciencia, to lose/regain consciousness
    ♦ Locuciones: tener mala conciencia, to have a guilty conscience
    a conciencia, conscientiously
    concienciar verbo transitivo to make aware [de, of]: hay que concienciar a los vecinos de la escasez de agua, we need to make our neighbors aware of the water shortage

    ' conciencia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acallar
    - cargo
    - conocimiento
    - consciencia
    - objeción
    - objetor
    - objetora
    - remorder
    - roer
    - toma
    - tranquila
    - tranquilo
    - mentalizar
    - remordimiento
    English:
    awareness
    - clear
    - conscience
    - conscientious
    - go
    - heart-searching
    - pang
    - prick
    - search
    - soul-searching
    - twinge
    - unaware
    - uneasy
    - consciousness
    - grapple
    - salve
    - stricken
    - thoroughly
    - weigh
    * * *
    conciencia, consciencia nf
    1. [física] consciousness;
    perder la conciencia to lose consciousness, to faint
    2. [mental] awareness;
    tener/tomar conciencia de to be/become aware of;
    tenía la conciencia de que lo dejé allí I was pretty sure I'd left it there
    conciencia de clase class consciousness;
    conciencia colectiva collective consciousness
    3. [moral, integridad] conscience;
    la voz de la conciencia the voice of conscience;
    me remuerde la conciencia I have a guilty conscience;
    trabajar para ellos me causa problemas de conciencia working for them doesn't sit easy with my conscience;
    hacer algo a conciencia [con esmero] to do sth conscientiously;
    en conciencia, no puedo decir que su trabajo sea bueno in all conscience, I can't say that his work is good;
    en conciencia, creo que debo quedarme con ella I really feel I should stay with her;
    en conciencia, no puedo ayudarte I don't really feel it would be right of me to help you;
    obrar en conciencia to act in good conscience, to act according to one's conscience;
    tener la conciencia limpia o [m5] tranquila to have a clear conscience;
    tener mala conciencia to have a guilty conscience
    * * *
    f conscience;
    a conciencia conscientiously;
    con plena conciencia de fully conscious of;
    en conciencia in all conscience;
    tener la conciencia tranquila have a clear conscience;
    tener buena/mala conciencia have a clear/guilty conscience;
    tomar conciencia de algo be/become aware of sth
    * * *
    1) : conscience
    2) : consciousness, awareness
    * * *
    1. (conocimiento) consciousness / awareness
    2. (sentido moral) conscience

    Spanish-English dictionary > conciencia

  • 9 ངེས་ཤེས་

    [nges shes]
    ascertaining consciousness, absolutely certain knowledge, certain knowledge, confidence, certainty, conviction, understanding, dignity, deeper

    Tibetan-English dictionary > ངེས་ཤེས་

  • 10 насколько мне известно о

    то, что известно всем — general knowledge

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > насколько мне известно о

  • 11 насколько нам известно

    1. as far as we know

    мне случайно стало известно, что … — I happen to know that …

    из опыта известно … — it is known from experience …

    2. for all we know

    известный под именем; известный как — known as

    3. to the best of our knowledge

    быть известным под именем … — to go by the title of …

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > насколько нам известно

  • 12 Gewißheit

    (freedom from doubt: Is there any certainty of success?) certainty
    * * *
    Ge·wiss·heitRR, Ge·wiß·heitALT
    <-, -en>
    f selten pl certainty
    \Gewißheit haben to be certain [or sure]
    sich dat \Gewißheit [über etw akk] verschaffen to find out for certain [about sth]
    \Gewißheit [über etw akk] erlangen to attain certainty [or certain knowledge] of sth
    jdm die \Gewißheit geben, dass... to convince sb that...
    [volle [o absolute]] \Gewißheit über etw akk haben to be [fully [or completely]] certain [or sure] about [or of] sth
    zur \Gewißheit reifen, sich akk zur \Gewißheit verdichten (geh) to become a [or liter harden into] certainty
    mit \Gewißheit with certainty
    etw mit \Gewißheit wissen to know sth for certain [or sure]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Gewißheit

  • 13 Gewissheit

    Ge·wiss·heitRR, Ge·wiß·heit ALT <-, -en> f selten pl
    certainty;
    \Gewissheit haben to be certain [or sure];
    sich dat \Gewissheit [über etw akk] verschaffen to find out for certain [about sth];
    \Gewissheit [über etw akk] erlangen to attain certainty [or certain knowledge] of sth;
    jdm die \Gewissheit geben, dass... to convince sb that...;
    [volle [o absolute]] \Gewissheit über etw akk haben to be [fully [or completely] ] certain [or sure] about [or of] sth;
    zur \Gewissheit reifen, sich zur \Gewissheit verdichten ( geh) to become a [or ( liter) harden into] certainty;
    mit \Gewissheit with certainty;
    etw mit \Gewissheit wissen to know sth for certain [or sure]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Gewissheit

  • 14 Gewißheit

    Ge·wiss·heitRR, Ge·wiß·heit ALT <-, -en> f selten pl
    certainty;
    \Gewißheit haben to be certain [or sure];
    sich dat \Gewißheit [über etw akk] verschaffen to find out for certain [about sth];
    \Gewißheit [über etw akk] erlangen to attain certainty [or certain knowledge] of sth;
    jdm die \Gewißheit geben, dass... to convince sb that...;
    [volle [o absolute]] \Gewißheit über etw akk haben to be [fully [or completely] ] certain [or sure] about [or of] sth;
    zur \Gewißheit reifen, sich zur \Gewißheit verdichten ( geh) to become a [or ( liter) harden into] certainty;
    mit \Gewißheit with certainty;
    etw mit \Gewißheit wissen to know sth for certain [or sure]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Gewißheit

  • 15 प्रमितिः _pramitiḥ

    प्रमितिः f.
    1 Measurement, a measure.
    -2 True or certain knowledge, accurate notion or conception.
    -3 Knowledge obtained by any one of the Pramāṇas or means of knowledge.
    -4 True inference or analogy.
    -5 Manifestation; इतिरेशे$तर्क्ये निजमहिमनि स्वप्रमितिके Bhāg. 1.13.57.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रमितिः _pramitiḥ

  • 16 निर् _nir

    निर् ind. A substitute for निस् before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् and cf. अ also.
    -Comp. -अंश a.
    1 whole, entire.
    -2 not entitled to any share of the ancestral property.
    -अक्षः the place of no latitute; i. e. the terrestrial equator (in astronomy). ˚देशः
    1 a first meridian, as Laṅkā.
    -2 a place where the sun is always vertical and the days and nights are equal.
    -3 the equatorial region.
    -अक्षर a. Not knowing the letters, illiterate.
    -अग्नि a. having lost or neg- lected the consecrated fire; स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः Bg.6.1.
    -अग्र (क) a. divisible without remain- der.
    -अङ्कुश a. 'not curbed by a hook', unchecked, uncontrolled; unruly, independent, completely free, unfettered; निरङ्कुश इव द्विपः Bhāg.; कामो निकामनिरङ्कुशः Gīt.7; निरङ्कुशाः कवयः Sk.; Bh.3.15; Mv.3.39; विनयरुचयः सदैव निरङ्कुशाः Mu.3.6. ˚ता self-will, indepen- dence.
    -अघ a. sinless, blameless.
    -अङ्ग a.
    1 having no parts.
    -2 deprived of expedients or resources.
    -अजिन a. skinless.
    -अञ्जन a.
    1 without collyrium; निरञ्जने साचिविलोलिकं दृशौ Ki.8.52.
    -2 unstained, untinged.
    -3 free from falsehood; तदा विद्वान् पुण्यपापे विधूय निरञ्जनं परमं साम्यमुपैति Munda 3.1.3.
    -4 simple, artless.
    (-नः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 N. of the Supreme Being.
    (-ना) 1 the day of full moon.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -अतिशय a. unsurpassed, matchless, un- rivalled; निरतिशयं गरिमाणं तेन जनन्याः स्मरन्ति विद्वांसः Pt.1.3. (
    -यः) the Supreme Being.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 free from danger, secure, safe; तद्भवान् वृत्तसंपन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये Rām.4.29.12; R.17.53.
    -2 free from fault, unblamable, faultless, disinterested; Ki.1.12, शक्तिरर्थपतिषु स्वयंग्रहं प्रेम कारयति वा निरत्ययम् 13.61.
    -3 com- pletely successful.
    -अधिष्ठान a.
    1 supportless.
    -2 in- dependent.
    -अध्व a. one who has lost one's way.
    -अनुक्रोश a. pitiless, merciless, hard-hearted. (
    -शः) mercilessness, hard-heartedness.
    -अनुग a. having no followers.
    -अनुग्रह a. Ungracious, unkind; Bhāg.5. 12.7.
    -अनुनासिक a. not nasal.
    -अनुमान a. not bound to conclusions or consequences.
    -अनुयोज्य a. unblamable, faultless.
    -अनुरोध a.
    1 unfavourable, unfriendly.
    -2 unkind, unamiable; Māl.1.
    -अन्तर a.
    -1 constant, perpetual, uninterrupted, incessant; निरन्त- राधिपटलैः Bv.1.16; निरन्तरास्वन्तरवातवृष्टिषु Ku.5.25.
    -2 having no intervening or intermediate space, having no interval, close, closely contiguous, in close contact; मूढे निरन्तरपयोधरया मयैव Mk.5.15; हृदयं निरन्तरबृहत्कठिनस्तन- मण्डलावरणमप्यभिदन् Śi.9.66.
    -3 compact, dense; परितो रुद्धनिरन्तराम्बराः Śi.16.76.
    -4 coarse, gross.
    -5 faithful, true (as a friend).
    -6 not hidden from view.
    -7 not different, similar, identical.
    -8 sincere, sympathetic; सुहृदि निरन्तरचित्ते (निवेद्य दुःखं सुखीभवति) Pt.1.341.
    -9 abounding in, full of; निपात्यमानैर्ददृशे निरन्तरम् Rām.7.7. 54; गुणैश्च निरन्तराणि Mv.4.12. (
    -रम्) ind.
    1 without interruption, constantly, continually, incessantly.
    -2 without intervening space or interval.
    -3 closely, tightly, firmly; (परिष्वजस्व) कान्तैरिदं मम निरन्तरमङ्गमङ्गैः Ve.3.27; परिष्वजेते शयने निरन्तरम् Ṛs.2.11.
    -4 immedia- tely. ˚अभ्यासः constant study, diligent exercise or pra- ctice.
    -अन्तराल a.
    1 without an intervening space, close.
    -2 narrow.
    -अन्धस् a. foodless, hungry.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 having no progeny, childless.
    -2 unconnected, unrelated; Ms.8.198.
    -3 not agreeing with the con- text (as a word in a sentence).
    -4 without logical connection or regular sequence, unmethodical.
    -5 without being seen, out of sight; निरन्वयं भवेत् स्तेयम् Ms.8. 332.
    -6 without retinue, unaccompanied, see अन्वय.
    -7 sudden, unexpected; U.7.
    -8 exterminatory, without leaving any species or trace; प्रागाधारनिरन्वयप्रमथनादुच्छेदमे- वाकरोः... Mv.3.13; (com. नाशो द्विविधः--स्वान्वयविनाशः, निरन्वयविनाशश्चेति......निर्वापणादिना सजातीयज्वालोदयानर्हविनाशस्तु निरन्वयविनाशः ।).
    -अपत्रप a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold.
    -अपराध a. guiltless, innocent, faultless, blame- less. (
    -धः) innocence.
    -अपवर्त a.
    1 not turning back.
    -2 (in arith.) leaving no common divisor, reduced to the lowest terms.
    -अपवाद a.
    1 blameless.
    -2 not admitting of any exception.
    -अपाय a.
    1 free from harm or evil.
    -2 free from decay, imperishable.
    -3 infallible; उपायो निरपायो$यमस्माभिरभिचिन्तितः Rām.1.1.2.
    -अपेक्ष a.
    1 not depending on, irrespective or independent of, having no need of (with loc.); न्यायनिर्णीतसारत्वा- न्निरपेक्षमिवागमे Ki.11.39.
    -2 disregarding, taking no notice of.
    -3 free from desire, secure; निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन H.2.82.
    -4 careless, negligent, indifferent
    -5 indifferent to worldly attachments or pursuits; समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्षः परिव्रजेत् Ms.6.41.
    -6 disinterested, not expecting any reward from another; दिशि दिशि निरपेक्ष- स्तावकीनं विवृण्वन् Bv.1.5.
    -7 without purpose. (
    -क्षा) indifference, disregard.
    -अपेक्षित a.
    1 disregarded.
    -2 regardless.
    -अपेक्षिन् a. disregarding, indifferent.
    -अभिभव a.
    1 not subject to humiliation or disgrace.
    -2 not to be surpassed, unrivalled.
    -अभिमान a.
    1 free from self-conceit, devoid of pride or egotism.
    -2 void of self-respect.
    -3 unconscious.
    -अभिलाष a. not caring for, indifferent to; स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7.
    -अभिसंधानम् absence of design.
    -अभ्र a. cloudless.
    -अमर्ष a.
    1 void of anger, patient.
    -2 apa- thetic.
    -अम्बर a. naked.
    -अम्बु a.
    1 abstaining from water.
    -2 waterless, destitute of water.
    -अर्गल a. without a bolt, unbarred, unobstructed, unrestrained, unimpeded, completely free; M.5; मरणसमये त्यक्त्वा शङ्कां प्रलापनिरर्गलम् Māl.5.26. (
    -लम्) ind. freely.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 void of wealth, poor, indigent; स्त्रियः कृतार्थाः पुरुषं निरर्थं निष्पीडितालक्तकवत्त्यजन्ति Pt.1.194.
    -2 meaningless, un- meaning (as a word or sentence).
    -3 non-sensical.
    -4 vain, useless, purposeless.
    (-र्थः) 1 loss, detriment.
    -2 nonsense.
    -अर्थक a.
    1 useless, vain, unprofitable.
    -2 unmeaning, nonsensical, conveying no reasonable meaning; इत्थं जन्म निरर्थकं क्षितितले$रण्ये यथा मालती S. D.
    -3 (a consonant) not followed by a vowel. (
    -कम्) an expletive; निरर्थकं तु हीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् Chandr.2.6.
    -अलंकृतिः (in Rhet.) want of ornament, simplicity.
    -अवकाश a.
    1 without free space.
    -2 without leisure.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 'free from restraint', unrestrained, un- checked, uncontrolled, irresistible.
    -2 free, indepen- dent.
    -3 self-willed, head-strong. (
    -हम्) ind.
    1 un- interruptedly.
    -2 intensely, strongly.
    -अवद्य a.
    1 blameless, faultless, unblameable, unobjectionable; हृद्य- निरवद्यरूपो भूपो बभूव Dk.1.
    -2 an epithet of the Supreme Being (having no passions).
    -अवधि a. having no end, unlimited; कथं तूष्णीं सह्यो निरवधिरयं त्वप्रतिविधः U. 3.44;6.3; Māl.1.6.
    -2 continuous; महानाधिव्याधि- र्निरवधिरिदानीं प्रसरतु Māl.4.3.
    1 without parts.
    -2 indivisible.
    -3 without limbs.
    -अवलम्ब a.
    1 unsupported, without support; Ś.6.
    -2 not affording support.
    -3 not depending or relying on.
    -अवशेष a. whole, complete, entire, (निरवशेषेण ind. completely, entirely, fully, totally).
    -अवसाद a. cheerful; Gīt.
    -अव्यय a. eternal, immutable.
    - अशन a. abstaining from food. (
    -नम्) fasting.
    -अश्रि a. even; Kau. A.2.11.
    -अष्ट a. Ved. driven away, scattered. (
    -ष्टः) a horse twentyfour years old.
    -अस्त्र a. weaponless, unarmed.
    -अस्थि a. boneless.
    -अहंकार, -अहंकृति a. free from egotism or pride, humble, lowly; Bg.12.13.
    -अहंकृत a.
    1 having no egotism or self-consciousness.
    -2 without individuality.
    -3 unselfish.
    -अहम् a. free from egotism or self-conceit; ह्यनामरूपं निरहं प्रपद्ये Bhāg. 5.19.4.
    -आकाङ्क्ष a.
    1 wishing nothing, free from desire.
    -2 wanting nothing to fill up or complete (as the sense of a word or sentence).
    -आकार a.
    1 devoid of form, formless, without form.
    -2 ugly, deformed.
    -3 disguised.
    -4 unassuming, modest.
    (-रः) 1 the universal spirit, Almighty.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu. ˚ज्ञानवादः the doctrine that the perception of the outer world does not arise from images impres- sed on the mind; Sarva. S.
    -आकृति a.
    1 formless, shapeless.
    -2 deformed.
    (-तिः) 1 a religious student who has not duly gone through a course of study, or who has not properly read the Vedas.
    -2 especially, a Brāhmaṇa who has neglected the duties of his caste by not going through a regular course of study; a fool; ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः । यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥ Mb.12.36.48.
    -3 one who neglects the five great religious duties or yajñas; Ms.3.154.
    -आकाश a. leaving no free space, completely filled or occupied,
    -आकुल a.
    1 unconfused, unperplexed, un- bewildered; Ki.11.38.
    -2 steady, calm; सुपात्रनिक्षेपनिरा- कुलात्मना (प्रजासृजा) Śi.1.28.
    -3 clear.
    -4 perspicuous; अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुसुमसमूहनिराकुलबकुलकलापे Gīt.1.
    (-लम्) 1 calmness serenity.
    -2 perspicuity, clearness.
    -आक्रन्द a. not crying or complaining. (
    -दः) a place where no sound can be heard.
    -आक्रोश a. unaccused, unreviled.
    - आगम a. not founded on revelation or scripture, not derived from the Vedas.
    -आगस् a. faultless, innocent, sinless; कथमेकपदे निरागसं जनमाभाष्यमिमं न मन्यसे R.8.48.
    -आचार a. without approved customs or usages, lawless, barbarian.
    -आडम्बर a.
    1 without drums.
    -2 without show, unostentatious.
    -आतङ्क a.
    1 free from fear; R.1.63; निरातङ्को रङ्को विहरति चिरं कोटिकनकैः Śaṅkara (देव्यपराधक्षमापनस्तोत्रम् 6).
    -2 without ailment, comfort- able, healthy.
    -3 not causing pain.
    -4 unchecked, unhampered; निरातङ्कः पङ्केष्विव पिशितपिण्डेषु विलसन् Māl. 5.34. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    - आतप a. sheltered from heat, shady, not penetrated by the sun's rays. (
    -पा) the night.
    - आदर a. disrespectful.
    -आदान a.
    1 taking or receiving nothing; Mb.3.
    -2 an epithet of Buddha.
    -आधार a.
    1 without a receptacle.
    -2 without support, supportless (fig. also); निराधारो हा रोदिमि कथय केषामिह पुरः G. L.4.39.
    -आधि a. secure, free from anxiety.
    -आनन्द a. cheerless, sad, sorrowful.
    -आन्त्र a.
    1 disembowelled.
    -2 having the entrails hanging out.
    -आपद् a. free from misfortune or calamity. (-f.) prosperity.
    -आबाध a.
    1 unvexed, unmolested, undis- turbed, free from disturbance.
    -2 unobstructed.
    -3 not molesting or disturbing.
    -4 (in law) frivolously vexatious (as a suit or cause of complaint); e. g. अस्मद्- गृहप्रदीपप्रकाशेनायं स्वगृहे व्यवहरति Mitā.
    1 free from disease or illness, sound, healthy, hale.
    -2 untainted, pure.
    -3 guileless.
    -4 free from defects or blemishes.
    -5 full, complete.
    -6 infallible.
    -7 not liable to failure or miscarriage. (
    -यः, यम्) freedom from disease or illness, health, well-being, welfare, happiness; कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च प्रतिपत्स्व निरामयम् Mb.5.78.8.
    (-यः) 1 a wild goat.
    -2 a hog or boar.
    -आमिष a.
    1 fleshless; निरुपमरसप्रीत्या खादन्नरास्थि निरामिषम् Bh.
    -2 having no sensual desires or covetousness; Ms.6.49.
    -3 receiving no wages or remuneration.
    -आय a. yielding no income or revenue, profitless.
    -यः an idler living from hand to mouth.
    1 full-stretched or extended; निरायतपूर्वकायाः Ś.1.8.
    -2 contracted, compact.
    -आय- -तत्वम् shortness, compactness; निरायतत्वादुदरेण ताम्यता Ki.8.17.
    -आयति a. one whose end is at hand; नियता लघुता निरायतेः Ki.2.14.
    -आयास a. not fatiguing, easy.
    -आयुध a. unarmed, weaponless.
    -आरम्भ a. abstaining from all work (in good sense); Mb.3.82.11.
    -आलम्ब a.
    1 having no prop or support (fig. also); ऊर्ध्वबाहुं निरालम्बं तं राजा प्रत्यभाषत Rām.7.89.1; निरालम्बो लोकः कुलमयशसा नः परिवृतम् Mv.4.53.
    -2 not depending on another, independent.
    -3 self-supported, friendless, alone; निरालम्बो लम्बोदरजननि कं यामि शरणम् Jag. (
    -म्बा) spikenard. (
    -म्बम्) Brahman.
    -आलोक a.
    1 not looking about or seeing.
    -2 deprived of sight.
    -3 deprived of light, dark; निरालोकं लोकम् Māl.5.3; Bhāg.8.24.35.
    -5 invisible. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -आवर्ण a. manifest, evident.
    -आश a.
    1 devoid of hope, despairing or despondent of; मनो बभूवेन्दुमतीनिराशम् R.6.2.
    -2 depriving (one) of all hope.
    -आशक, -आशिन् a. hopeless; अद्य दुर्योधनो राज्याज्जीविताच्च निराशकः (भविष्यति) Mb.8.74.13.
    -आशङ्क a. fearless.
    -आशा hopeless- ness, despair.
    -आशिस् a.
    1 without a boon or blessing, without virtues; आश्रमा विहिताः सर्वे वर्जयित्वा निराशिषम् Mb.12.63.13.
    -2 without any desire, wish or hope, indifferent; निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा Bg.4.21; जगच्छ- रण्यस्य निराशिषः सतः Ku.5.76.
    -आश्रय a.
    1 without a prop or support, supportless, unsupported; न तिष्ठति निराश्रयं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.41.
    -2 friendless, destitute, alone, without shelter or refuge; निराश्रयाधुना वत्सलता.
    -3 not deep (as a wound).
    -आस्वाद a. tasteless, insipid, un- savoury.
    -आहार a. 'foodless', fasting, abstaining from food. (
    -रः) fasting; कालो$ग्निः कर्म मृद् वायुर्मनो ज्ञानं तपो जलम् । पश्चात्तापो निराहारः सर्वे$मी शुद्धिहेतवः ॥ Y.3.31.
    -इङ्ग a. immovable, stationary; यथा दीपो निवातस्थो निरिङ्गो ज्वलते पुनः Mb.12.46.6.
    -इच्छ a. without wish or desire, indifferent.
    -इन्द्रिय a.
    1 having lost a limb or the use of it.
    -2 mutilated, maimed.
    -3 weak, infirm, frail; Kaṭh.1.1.3.
    -4 barren.
    -5 without प्रमाण or means of certain knowledge; निरिन्द्रिया ह्यमन्त्राश्च स्त्रियो$नृत- मिति स्थितिः Ms.9.18.
    -6 destitute of manly vigour, impotent (Ved.).
    -इन्धन a. destitute of fuel.
    -ईति a. free from the calamities of the season; निरातङ्का निरीतयः R.1.63; see ईति.
    -ईश्वर a. godless, atheistic. -˚वाद atheistic doctrine.
    -ईषम् the body of a plough.
    -ईह a.
    1 desireless, indifferent; निरीहाणामीशस्तृणमिव तिरस्कारविषयः Mu.3.16.
    -2 inactive; निरीहस्य हतद्विषः R.1.24.
    (-हा), -निरीहता, -त्वम् 1 inactivity.
    -2 indifference.
    -उच्छ्वास a.
    1 breathless, without breathing; निरुच्छ्वासं हरिं चक्रुः Rām.7.7.6.
    -2 narrow, contracted; उपेयुषो वर्त्म निरन्तराभिरसौ निरुच्छ्वासमनीकिनीभिः Śi.3.32.
    -3 dead; निरुच्छ्वासाः पुनः केचित् पतिता जगतीतले Rām.6.58.13. (
    -सः) absence of breath; लोका निरुच्छ्वासनिपीडिता भृशम् Bhāg.4. 8.8.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 answerless, without a reply.
    -2 un- able to answer, silenced.
    -3 having no superior.
    -उत्थ a. irrecoverable.
    -उद्धति a. not jolting (a chariot); अभूतल- स्पर्शतया निरुद्धतिः Ś.7.1. (v. l.)
    -उत्सव a. without festivi- ties; विरतं गेयमृतुर्निरुत्सवः R.8.66.
    -उत्साह a.
    1 inactive, indolent.
    -2 devoid of energy.
    (-हः) 1 absence of energy.
    -2 indolence.
    -उत्सुक a.
    1 indifferent.
    -2 calm, tranquil.
    - उदक a. waterless.
    1 having no belly or trunk.
    -2 thin (अतुन्दिल); श्रीमान्निरुदरो महान् Rām.3.16.31.
    -उद्यम, -उद्योग a. effortless, inactive, lazy, idle.
    उद्विग्न, -उद्वेग a. free from excitement or perturbation, sedate, calm.
    -उपक्रम a.
    1 without a commencement.
    -2 incurable.
    -उपद्रव a.
    1 free from calamity or affliction, not visited by danger or adver- sity, lucky, happy, undisturbed, unmolested, free from hostile attacks.
    -2 free from national distress or tyranny.
    -3 causing no affliction.
    -4 auspicious (as a star).
    -5 secure, peaceful.
    -उपधि a. guileless, honest; U.2.2. ˚जीवन a. leading an honest life. (v. l.).
    -उपपत्ति a. unsuitable.
    1 without any title or designation; अरे आर्यचारुदत्तं निरुपपदेन नाम्नालपसि Mk.1.18/19.
    -2 unconnected with a subordinate word.
    -उपप्लव a.
    1 free from disturbance, obstacle or calamity, unharmed; निरुपप्लवानि नः कर्माणि संवृत्तानि Ś3.
    -2 not causing any affliction or misery.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -उपभोग a. without enjoyment; संसरति निरुपभोगं भावैरधिवासितं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.4.
    - उपम a. peerless, matchless, incomparable.
    -उपसर्ग free from portents.
    -उपस्कृत a. not corrupted, pure; of self-denying temperament; शमेन तपसा चैव भक्त्या च निरुपस्कृतः । शुद्धात्मा ब्राह्मणो रात्रौ निदर्शनमपश्यत ॥ Mb.12.271.14.
    1 not injured, unhurt.
    -2 auspicious, lucky.
    -उपाख्य a.
    1 unreal, false, non-existent (as वन्ध्यापुत्र).
    -2 immaterial.
    -3 invisible. (
    -ख्यम्) the supreme Brahman.
    -उपाधि (क) a. without qualities, absolute.
    -उपाय a.
    1 without expedients, helpless.
    -2 unsuc- cessful.
    -उपेक्ष a.
    1 free from trick or fraud.
    -2 not neglectful.
    -उष्मन् a. devoid of heat, cold.
    -गन्ध a. void of smell, scentless, unfragrant, inodorous; निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः. ˚पुष्पी f. the Śālmali tree.
    -गर्व a. free from pride.
    -गवाक्ष a. windowless.
    -गुण a.
    1 stringless (as a bow).
    -2 devoid of all properties.
    -3 devoid of good qualities, bad, worthless; निर्गुणः शोभते नैव विपुलाड- म्बरो$पि ना Bv.1.115.
    -4 without attributes; साकारं च निराकारं सगुणं निर्गुणं विभुम् Brahmavai. P.
    -5 having no epithet. (
    -णः) the Supreme Spirit. ˚आत्मक a. having no qualities.
    -गृहः a. houseless, homeless; सुगृही निर्गृही- कृता Pt.39.
    -गौरव a.
    1 without dignity, undignified.
    -2 devoid of respect.
    -ग्रन्थ a.
    1 freed from all ties or hindrances; आत्मारामाश्च मुनयो निर्ग्रन्था अप्युरुक्रमे । कुर्वन्त्यहैतुकीं भक्तिम् Bhāg.1.7.1.
    -2 poor, possessionless, beggarly.
    -3 alone, unassisted.
    (-न्थः) 1 an idiot, a fool.
    -2 a gambler.
    -3 a saint or devotee who has renounced all worldly attachments and wanders about naked and lives as a hermit.
    -4 A Buddha Muni.
    -ग्रन्थक a.
    1 clever, expert.
    -2 unaccompanied, alone.
    -3 deserted, abandoned.
    -4 fruitless. (
    -कः 1 a religious mendicant.
    -2 a naked devotee.
    -3 a gam- bler.
    -ग्रन्थिक a. clever. (
    -कः) a naked mendicant, a Jaina mendicant of the Digambara class.
    -घटम् 1 a free market.
    -2 a crowded market.
    -घण्टः See निघण्टः.
    -घृण a.
    1 cruel, merciless, pitiless.
    -2 shame- less, immodest.
    -घृणा cruelty.
    -घोष a. noiseless, still, calm.
    -जन a.
    1 tenantless, uninhabited, unfrequented, lonely, desolate.
    -2 without any retinue or attendants; भूयश्चैवाभिरक्षन्तु निर्धनान्निर्जना इव Mb.12.151.7. (
    -नम्) a desert, solitude, lonely place.
    -जन्तु a. free from living germs; H. Yoga.
    -जर a.
    1 young, fresh.
    -2 imperishable, immortal. (
    -रः) a deity, god; (nom. pl. निर्जराः -निर्जरसः) (
    -रम्) ambrosia, nectar.
    -जरायु a. Ved. skinless.
    -जल a.
    1 waterless, desert, destitute of water.
    -2 not mixed with water. (
    -लः) a waste, desert. ˚एकादशी N. of the eleventh day in the bright half of Jyeṣṭha.
    -जाड्य free from coldness.
    -जिह्वः a frog.
    -जीव a.
    1 lifeless.
    -2 dead; चिता दहति निर्जीवं चिन्ता दहति जीवितम्.
    -ज्ञाति a. having no kinsmen, alone.
    -ज्वर a. feverless, healthy.
    -दण्डः a Śūdra.
    -दय a.
    1 merci- less, cruel, pitiless, unmerciful, unkind.
    -2 passion- ate.
    -3 very close, firm or fast, strong, excessive, violent; मुग्धे विधेहि मयि निर्दयदन्तदंशम् Gīt.1; निर्दयरति- श्रमालसाः R.19.32; निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः Me.18.
    -4 unpitied by any; निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम् Ms.9.239.
    -दयम् ind.
    1 unmercifully, cruelly.
    -2 violently, excessively; न प्रहर्तुमलमस्मि निर्दयम् R.11.84.
    -दश a. more than ten days old; यदा पशुर्निर्दशः स्यादथ मेध्यो भवे- दिति Bhāg.9.7.11.
    - दशन a. toothless.
    -दाक्षिण्य a. uncourteous.
    -दुःख a.
    1 free from pain, painless.
    -2 not causing pain.
    -दैन्य a. happy, comfortable.
    -दोष a.
    1 faultless, defectless; न निर्दोषं न निर्गुणम्
    -2 guiltless, innocent.
    -द्रव्य a.
    1 immaterial.
    -2 without property, poor.
    -द्रोह a. not hostile, friendly, well-disposed, not malicious.
    -द्वन्द्व a.
    1 indifferent in regard to opposite pairs of feelings (pleasure or pain), neither glad nor sorry; निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह Mb.1.85.16; निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् Bg.2.45.
    -2 not dependent upon another, independent.
    -3 free from jealousy or envy.
    -4 not double.
    -5 not contested, un- disputed.
    -6 not acknowledging two principles.
    -धन a. without property, poor, indigent; शशिनस्तुल्यवंशो$पि निर्धनः परिभूयते Chāṇ.82. (
    -नः) an old ox. ˚ता, ˚त्वम् poverty, indigence.
    -धर्म a. unrighteous, impious, unholy.
    -धूम a. smokeless.
    -धौत a. cleansed, rendered clean; निर्धौत- दानामलगण्डभित्तिर्वन्यः सरित्तो गज उन्ममज्ज R.5.43.
    -नमस्कार a.
    1 not courteous or civil, not respecting any one.
    -2 disrespected, despised.
    -नर a. abandoned by men, deserted.
    -नाणक a. coinless, penniless; Mk.2.
    -नाथ a. without a guardian or master. ˚ता
    1 want of protection.
    -2 widowhood.
    -3 orphanage.
    -नाभि a. going or reaching beyond the navel; निर्नाभि कौशेयमुपात्तबाणम् Ku.7.7.
    -नायक a. having no leader or ruler, anarchic.
    -नाशन, -नाशिन् a. expelling, banishing.
    -निद्र a. sleepless, wakeful.
    -निमित्त a.
    1 causeless.
    -2 disinterested.
    -निमेष a. not twinkling.
    -बन्धु a. without kindred or relation, friendless.
    -बल n. powerless, weak, feeble.
    -बाध a.
    1 unobstructed.
    -2 unfrequented, lonely, solitary.
    -3 unmolested.
    (-धः) 1 a part of the marrow.
    -2 a knob.
    -बीज a. seedless, impotent. (
    -जा) a sort of grape (Mar. बेदाणा).
    -बुद्धि a. stupid, ignorant, foolish.
    -बुष, -बुस a. unhusked, freed from chaff.
    -भक्त a. taken without eating (as a medicine).
    -भय a.
    1 fearless, undaunted.
    -2 free from danger, safe, secure; निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम् Ms.9.255.
    -भर a.
    1 excessive, vehement, violent, much, strong; त्रपाभरनिर्भर- स्मरशर &c. Gīt.12; तन्व्यास्तिष्ठतु निर्भरप्रणयिता मानो$पि रम्यो- दयः Amaru.47.
    -2 ardent.
    -3 fast, close (as embrace); कुचकुम्भनिर्भरपरीरम्भामृतं वाञ्छति Gīt.; परिरभ्य निर्भरम् Gīt.1.
    -4 sound, deep (as sleep).
    -5 full of, filled with (at the end of comp.); आनन्द˚, गर्व˚ &c. (
    -रः) a servant receiving no wages. (
    -रम्) excess. (
    -रम् ind.)
    1 ex- cessively, exceedingly, intensely.
    -2 soundly.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky.
    -भाज्य a. to be separated; स निर्भाज्यः स्वकादंशात् किंचिद्दत्वोपजीवनम् Ms.9.27.
    -भृतिः a. without wages, hireless.
    -भोगः a. not fond of plea- sures.
    -मक्षिक a. 'free from flies', undisturbed, private, lonely. (
    -कम्) ind. without flies, i. e. lonely, private; कृतं भवतेदानीं निर्मक्षिकम् Ś.2,6.
    -मज्ज a. fatless, meagre.
    -मत्सर a. free from envy, unenvious; निर्मत्सरे मत्समे वत्स... वसुन्धराभारमारोप्य Rāmāyaṇachampū.
    -मत्स्य a. fishless.
    -मद a.
    1 not intoxicated, sober, quiet.
    -2 not proud, humble.
    -3 sad, sorry.
    -4 not in rut (as an elephant).
    -मनुज, -मनुष्य a. tenantless, uninhabited, deserted by men.
    -मन्तु a. faultless, innocent.
    -मन्त्र a.
    1 a ceremony, unaccompanied by holy texts.
    -2 not familiar with holy texts; Mb.12.36.43.
    -मन्यु, -मन्युक a. free from anger; Mb.5.133.4.
    -मम a.
    1 free from all connections with the outer world, who has renounced all worldly ties; संसारमिव निर्ममः (ततार) R.12.6; Bg.2.71; निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.3.
    -2 unselfish, disinterested.
    -3 indifferent to (with loc.); निर्ममे निर्ममो$र्थेषु मथुरां मधुराकृतिः R.15.28; प्राप्तेष्वर्थेषु निर्ममाः Mb.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva.
    -मर्याद a.
    1 boundless, immeasurable.
    -2 transgressing the limits of right or propriety, unrestrained, unruly, sinful, criminal; मनुजपशुभिर्निर्मर्यादैर्भवद्भिरुदायुधैः Ve.3.22.
    -3 confused.
    -4 insolent, immodest. (
    -दम्) ind. confusedly, topsy- turvy. (
    -दम्) confusion, disorder.
    -मल a.
    1 free from dirt or impurities, clear, pure, stainless, unsullied (fig. also); नीरान्निर्मलतो जनिः Bv.1.63.
    -2 resplendent, bright; Bh.1.56.
    -3 sinless, virtuous; निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा Ms.8.318.
    (-लम्) 1 talc.
    -2 the remainings of an offering made to a deity. ˚उपलः a crystal.
    - मशक a. free from gnats.
    -मांस a. fleshless; स्वल्प- स्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकम् Bh.2.3.
    -मान a.
    1 without self-confidence.
    -2 free from pride.
    -मानुष a. uninhabited, desolate.
    -मार्ग a. roadless, pathless.
    -मिथ्य a. not false, true; H. Yoga.
    -मुटः 1 a tree bearing large blossoms.
    -2 the sun.
    -3 a rogue. (
    -टम्) a large free market or fair.
    -मूल a.
    1 rootless (as a tree).
    -2 baseless, unfounded (statement, charge &c.).
    -3 eradicated.
    -मेघ a. cloudless.
    -मेध a. without un- derstanding, stupid, foolish, dull.
    -मोह a. free from illusion. (
    -हः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -यत्न a. inactive, lazy, dull.
    -यन्त्रण a.
    1 unrestrained, unobstructed, uncontrolled, unrestricted.
    -2 unruly, self-willed, in- dependent.
    (-णम्) 1 squeezing out.
    -2 absence of restraint, independence.
    -यशस्क a. without fame, dis- creditable, inglorious.
    -युक्त a.
    1 constructed, built.
    -2 directed.
    -3 (in music) limited to metre and mea- sure.
    -युक्ति f.
    1 disunion.
    -2 absence of connection or government.
    -3 unfitness, impropriety.
    -युक्तिक a.
    1 disjoined, unconnected.
    -2 illogical, unmeaning.
    -3 unfit, improper.
    -यूथ a. separated from the herd, strayed from the flock (as an elephant).
    -यूष = निर्यास.
    -योगक्षेम a. free from care (about acquisition); Bg.2. 45.
    -रक्त a. (
    -नीरक्त) colourless, faded.
    -रज, -रजस्क a.
    (-नीरज, नीरजस्क) 1 free from dust.
    -2 devoid of passion or darkness. (
    -जः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -रजस् (नरिजस्) a. see
    नीरज. (-f.) a woman not men- struating. ˚तमसा absence of passion or darkness.
    -रत (नीरत) a. not attached to, indifferent.
    -रन्ध्र a.
    (नीरन्ध्र) 1 without holes or interstices, very close or contiguous, thickly situated; नीरन्ध्रनीरनिचुलानि सरित्तटानि U.2.23.
    -2 thick, dense.
    -3 coarse, gross.
    -रव a. (
    -नीरव) not making any noise, noiseless; गतिविभ्रमसाद- नीरवा (रसना) R.8.58.
    -रस a.
    (नीरस) 1 tasteless, unsavoury, flavourless.
    -2 (fig.) insipid, without any poetic charm; नीरसानां पद्मानाम् S. D.1.
    -3 sapless, without juice, withered or dried up; Ś. Til.9.
    -4 vain, use- less, fruitless; अलब्धफलनीरसान् मम विधाय तस्मिन् जने V.2.11.
    -5 disagreeable.
    -6 cruel, merciless. (
    -सः) the pomegranate.
    - रसन a. (
    नीरसन) having no girdle (रसना); Ki.5.11.
    -रुच् a. (
    नीरुच्) without lustre, faded, dim; परिमलरुचिराभिर्न्यक्कृतास्तु प्रभाते युवतिभिरुप- भोगान्नीरुचः पुष्पमालाः Śi.11.27.
    -रुज्, -रुज a. (नीरुज्, नीरुज) free from sickness, healthy, sound; नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः H.1.
    -रूप a. (नीरूप) formless, shapeless.
    (-पः) 1 air, wind.
    -2 a god. (
    -पम्) ether.
    -रोग a. (नीरोग) free from sickness or disease, healthy, sound; यथा नेच्छति नीरोगः कदाचित् सुचिकित्सकम् Pt.1.118.
    -लक्षण a.
    1 having no auspicious marks, ill-featured.
    -2 undisting- uished.
    -3 unimportant, insignificant.
    -4 unspotted.
    -5 having a white back.
    -लक्ष्य a. invisible.
    -लज्ज a. shameless, impudent.
    -लाञ्छनम् the marking of dome- stic animals (by perforating the nose &c.).
    -लिङ्ग a. having no distinguishing or characteristic marks.
    -लिप्त a.
    1 unanointed.
    -2 undefiled, unsullied.
    -3 indifferent to.
    (-प्तः) 1 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -2 a sage.
    -लून a. cut through or off.
    -लेप a.
    1 unsmeared, unanointed; निर्लेपं काञ्चनं भाण्डमद्भिरेव विशुध्यति Ms.5.112.
    -2 stainless, sinless. (
    -पः) a sage.
    -लोभ a. free from desire or avarice, unavaricious.
    -लोमन् a. devoid of hair, hairless.
    -वंश a. without posterity, childless.
    1 not speaking, silent.
    -2 unobjectionable, blameless; (for other senses see the word separately).
    -नम् ind. silently; माल्येन तां निर्वचनं जघान Ku.7.19.
    -वण, -वन a.
    1 being out of a wood.
    -2 free from woods.
    -3 bare, open.
    -वत्सल a. not loving or fondling (esp. children); निर्वत्सले सुतशतस्य विपत्तिमेतां त्वं नानुचिन्तयसि Ve.5.3.
    -वर = निर्दरम् q. v.
    -वसु a. destitute of wealth, poor.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 not fit to be said.
    -2 blameless, unobjectionable; सखीषु निर्वाच्य- मधार्ष्ट्यदूषितं प्रियाङ्गसंश्लेषमवाप मानिनी Ki.8.48.
    -वात a. free or sheltered from wind, calm, still; हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली R.15.66. (
    -तः) a place sheltered from or not exposed to wind; निर्वाते व्यजनम् H.2.124.
    -वानर a. free from monkeys.
    -वायस a. free from crows.
    -वार्य a.
    1 irresistible.
    -2 acting fearlessly or boldly.
    -विकल्प, -विकल्पक a.
    1 not admitting an alternative.
    -2 being without determination or resolu- tion.
    -3 not capable of mutual relation.
    -4 conditioned.
    -5 undeliberative.
    -6 recognizing no such distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; as applied to समाधि or contemplation, it is 'an exclusive concentration upon the one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of the knower, the known, and the knowing, and without even self-consciousness'; निर्विकल्पकः ज्ञातृज्ञानादिविकल्पभेद- लयापेक्षः; नो चेत् चेतः प्रविश सहसा निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Bh.3.61; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.
    -7 (in phil.) not arising from the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, (विशेषणविशेष्यसंबन्धानवगाहि प्रत्यक्षं ज्ञानम्) said of knowledge not derived from the senses, as घटत्व. (
    -ल्पम्) ind. without hesitation or wavering.
    -विकार a.
    1 unchanged, unchangeable, immutable.
    -2 not dispos- ed; तौ स्थास्यतस्ते नृपती निदेशे परस्परावग्रहनिर्विकारौ M.5.14.
    -3 disinterested; तरुविटपलतानां बान्धवो निर्विकारः Ṛs.2.28. (
    -रः) the Supreme deity.
    -विकास a. unblown.
    -विघ्न a. uninterrupted, unobstructed, free from impediments; निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव सर्वकार्येषु सर्वदा. (
    -घ्नम्) absence of impedi- ment.
    -विचार a. not reflecting, thoughtless, incon- siderate; रे रे स्वैरिणि निर्विचारकविते मास्मत्प्रकाशीभव Chandr. 1.2. (
    -रम्) ind. thoughtlessly, unhesitatingly.
    -वि- चिकित्स a. free from doubt or reflection.
    -विचेष्ट a. motionless, insensible; यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं शयेत् Mb.3.32.14.
    -वितर्क a. unreflecting.
    -विनोद a. without amusement, void of pastime, diversion or solace; शङ्के रात्रौ गुरुतरशुचं निर्विनोदां सखीं ते Me.9.
    -विन्ध्या N. of a river in the Vindhya hills; निर्विन्ध्यायाः पथि भव रसाभ्यन्तरः सन्निपत्य Me.28.
    -विमर्श a.
    1 void of reflec- tion, thoughtless.
    -2 not having विमर्श Sandhi.
    -विवर a.
    1 having no opening or cavity.
    2 without interstices or interval, close, compact; घटते हि संहततया जनितामिदमेव निर्विवरतां दधतोः Śi.9.44.
    -विवाद a.
    1 not contending or disagreeing.
    -2 undisputed, not contra- dicted or disputed, universally acknowledged.
    -विवेक a. indiscreet, void of judgment, wanting in discrimination, foolish.
    -विशङ्क a. fearless, undaunted, confident; Ms.7.176; यस्मिन्कृत्यं समावेश्य निर्विशङ्केन चेतसा । आस्यते सेवकः स स्यात् कलत्रमिव चापरम् ॥ Pt.1.85.
    -विशेष a. showing or making no difference, indiscriminating, without dis- tinction; निर्विशेषा वयं त्वयि Mb.; निर्विशेषो विशेषः Bh.3.5. 'a difference without distinction'.
    -2 having no difference, same, like, not differing from (oft. in comp.); निर्विशेषाकृति 'having the same form'; प्रवातनीलो- त्पलनिर्विशेषम् Ku.1.46; स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् R.14.22.
    -3 indiscriminate, promiscuous. (
    -षः) absence of difference. (निर्विशेषम् and निर्विशेषेण are used adverbially in the sense of 'without difference', 'equally', indiscrimi- nately'; क्रुद्धेन विप्रमुक्तो$यं निर्विशेषं प्रियाप्रिये Rām.7.22.41. स्वगृहनिर्विशेषमत्र स्थीयताम् H.1; R.5.6.).
    -विशेषण a. without attributes.
    -विष a. poisonless (as a snake); निर्विषा डुण्डुभाः स्मृताः.
    -विषङ्ग a. not attached, indifferent.
    -विषय a.
    1 expelled or driven away from one's home, residence or proper place; मनोनिर्विषयार्थकामया Ku.5.38; R.9.32; also
    -निर्विषयीकृत; वने प्राक्कलनं तीर्थं ये ते निर्विषयी- कृताः Rām.2.14.4.
    -2 having no scope or sphere of action; किंच एवं काव्यं प्रविरलविषयं निर्विषयं वा स्यात् S. D.1.
    -3 not attached to sensual objects (as mind).
    -विषाण a. destitute of horns.
    -विहार a. having no pleasure.
    -वीज, -बीज a.
    1 seedless.
    -2 impotent.
    -3 causeless.
    -वीर a.
    1 deprived of heroes; निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् P. R.1.31.
    -2 cowardly.
    -वीरा a woman whose husband and children are dead.
    -वीर्य a. powerless, feeble, unmanly, impotent; निर्वीर्यं गुरुशापभाषितवशात् किं मे तवेवायुधम् Ve.3.34.
    -वीरुध, -वृक्ष a. treeless.
    -वृत्ति f. accomplishment, achievement; अत आसां निर्वृत्त्या अपवर्गः स्यात् । आतण्डुलनिर्वृत्तेः आ च पिष्टनिर्वृत्तेरभ्यास इति ॥ ŚB. on MS.11.1.27. -a. having no occupation, destitute. See निर्वृति.
    -वृष a. depriv- ed of bulls.
    -वेग a. not moving, quiet, calm.
    -वेतन a honorary, unsalaried.
    -वेद a. not acknowledging the Vedas, an atheist, infidel.
    -वेष्टनम् a. a weaver's shuttle.
    -वैर a. free from enmity, amicable, peaceable. (
    -रम्) absence of enmity.
    -वैलक्ष्य a. shameless.
    -व्यञ्जन a.
    1 straight-forward.
    -2 without condiment. (
    -नम् ind.) plainly, in a straight-forward or honest manner.
    -व्यथ, -न a.
    1 free from pain.
    -2 quiet, calm.
    -व्यथनम् a hole; छिद्रं निर्व्यथनम् Ak.
    -व्यपेक्ष a. indifferent to, regardless of; मृग्यश्च दर्भाङ्कुरनिर्व्यपेक्षास्तवागतिज्ञं समबोधयन् माम् R.13.25;14.39.
    -व्यलीक a.
    1 not hurting or offending.
    -2 without pain.
    -3 pleased, doing anything willingly.
    -4 sincere, genuine, undissembling.
    -व्यवधान a. (ground) uncovered, bare.
    -व्यवश्थ a. moving hither and thither.
    -व्यसन a. free from bad inclination.
    -व्याकुल a. calm.
    -व्याघ्र a. not haunted or infested by tigers.
    -व्याज a.
    1 candid, upright, honest, plain.
    -2 without fraud, true, genuine.
    -3 got by heroism or daring deeds (not by fraud or cowardly conduct); अशस्त्रपूतनिर्व्याजम् (महामांसम्) Māl.5.12. (v. l.)
    -4 not hypocritical; धर्मस्य निर्व्याजता (विभूषणम्) Bh.2.82. (
    -जम् ind.) plainly, honestly, candidly; निर्व्याजमालिङ्गितः Amaru.85.
    -व्याजीकृत a. made plain, freed from deceit.
    -व्यापार a.
    1 without employment or business, free from occupation; तं दधन्मैथिलीकण्ठनिर्व्यापारेण बाहुना R.15.56.
    -2 motionless; U.6.
    -व्यावृत्ति a. not invol- ving any return (to worldly existence).
    -व्रण a.
    1 un- hurt, without wounds.
    -2 without rents.
    -व्रत a. not observing vows.
    -व्रीड a. shameless, impudent.
    -हिमम् cessation of winter.
    -हेति a. weaponless.
    -हेतु a. cause- less, having no cause or reason.
    -ह्रीक a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold, daring.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > निर् _nir

  • 17 प्रत्यक्ष _pratyakṣa

    प्रत्यक्ष a. [अक्ष्णःप्रति]
    1 Perceptible (to the eye), visible; प्रत्यक्षाभिः प्रपन्नस्तनुभिरवतु वस्ताभिरष्टाभिरीशः Ś1.1.
    -2 Present, in sight, before the eye.
    -3 Cognizable by any organ of sense.
    -4 Distinct, evident, clear.
    -5 Direct, immediate.
    -6 Explicit, express.
    -7 Corporeal.
    -क्षम् 1 Perception, ocular evidence, apprehension by the senses, considered as a प्रमाण or mode of proof; इन्द्रियार्थसंनिकर्षजन्यं ज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षम् T. S.
    -2 Explicitness, distinctness.
    -3 Superintendence, care for; प्रत्यहं लोकयात्रायाः प्रत्यक्षं स्त्रीनिबन्धनम् Ms.9.27.
    -4 (In Rhet.) A kind of style descriptive of impressions derived from the senses. (The forms प्रत्यक्षम्, प्रत्यक्षेण, प्रत्यक्षतः, प्रत्यक्षात् are used adverbially in the sense of
    1 Before, in the presence of, in the sight of.
    -2 Openly, publicly.
    -3 Directly, immediately. Hence; प्रत्यक्षतोदृष्टसम्बन्धम् is a variety of अनुमान where the connection between the लिङ्ग and the लिङ्गिन् or साध्य is directly perceived; प्रत्यक्षतो दृष्टसम्बन्धं यथा धूमाकृतिदर्शनादग्न्याकृतिविज्ञानम् ŚB. on MS.1. 1.5.
    -4 Personally.
    -5 At sight.
    -6 Explicitly.
    -7 Distinctly, clearly.
    -8 Literally. So प्रत्यक्षे in the sight of, before the eyes of.)
    -Comp. -करणम् one's own perception.
    -कृता (i. e. ऋक्) a hymn in which s deity is directly addressed.
    -ज्ञान्म् ocular evidence, knowle- dge obtained by direct perception.
    -दर्शनम् ocular evidence, direct proof.
    -दर्शनः, -दर्शिन् m. an eye- witness.
    -दृष्ट a. personally seen.
    -पर a. setting the highest value on the visible.
    -परीक्षणम् personal examination, real observation.
    -प्रमा correct or certain knowledge, such as is obtained by direct perception through the senses.
    -प्रमाणम् 1 ocular proof, evidence of the senses.
    -2 an organ of perception.
    -फल a. having evident or visible consequences.
    -भूत a. mani- fested, appeared personally.
    -भोगः enjoyment of anything with the knowledge of the owner.
    -वादिन् m. a Buddhist who admits no other evidence than ocular proof or perception.
    -विधानम् an express injunction.
    -विषयीभू to move only within the range of sight.
    -विहित a. directly or explicitly enjoined.
    -वृत्तिः composed clearly or intelligibly (as a word).
    -सिद्ध a. determined by ocular proof.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रत्यक्ष _pratyakṣa

  • 18 प्रमाणम् _pramāṇam

    प्रमाणम् 1 A measure in general (of length, breadth &c.); न प्रमाणेन नोत्साहात् सत्त्वस्थो भव पाण्डव Mb.3.33.63. ('प्रमाणं नित्यमर्यादासंघवादिप्रमादिषु' Viśva.); Mb.1.222. 31; दृष्टो हि वृण्वन् कलभप्रमाणो$प्याशाः पुरोवातमवाप्य मेघः R.18. 38.
    -2 Size, extent, magnitude.
    -3 Scale, standard; पृथिव्यां स्वामिभक्तानां प्रमाणे परमे स्थितः Mu.2.21.
    -4 Limit, quantity; वञ्चयित्वा तु राजानं न प्रमाणे$वतिष्ठसि Rām.2.37. 22.
    -5 Testimony, evidence, proof.
    -6 Authority, warrant; one who judges or decides, one whose word is an authority; श्रुत्वा देवः प्रमाणम् Pt.1 'having heard this your Majesty will decide (what to do)'; आर्यमिश्राः प्रमाणम् M.1; Mu.1.1; सतां हि संदेहपदेषु वस्तुषु प्रमाणमन्तः- करणप्रवृत्तयः Ś.1.22; व्याकरणे पाणिनिः प्रमाणम्; Ms.2.13; Pt.1.24; sometimes in pl.; वेदाः प्रमाणाः.
    -7 A true or certain knowledge, accurate conception or notion.
    -8 A mode of proof, a means of arriving at correct knowledge; (the Naiyāyikas recognize only four kinds; प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान, उपमान and शब्द, the Vedāntins and Mīmāṁsakas add two more, अनुपलब्धि and अर्थापत्ति; while the Sāṅkhyas admit प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान and शब्द only; cf. अमुभव also.).
    -9 Principal, capital.
    -1 Unity.
    -11 Scrip- ture, sacred authority.
    -12 Cause, reason.
    -13 Rule, sanction, precept.
    -14 The first term in a rule of three.
    -15 An epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -16 Freedom from apprehension.
    -17 The prosodial lengh of a vowel.
    -18 An eternal matter; L. D. B.
    -19 (In music) A measure (such as द्रुत, मध्य, विलम्बित); Rām.1.4.8.
    -2 The measure of a square.
    -णः, -णी A rule, standard, authority.
    -Comp. -अधिक a. more than ordinary, inordinate, excessive; श्वासः प्रमाणाधिकः Ś.1.29.
    -अनुरूप a. corresponding to physical strength.
    -अन्तरम् another mode of proof.
    -अभावः absence of authority.
    -कुशल, -प्रवीण a. skilful in arguing.
    -कोटिः the point in an argument which is regarded as actual proof.
    -ज्ञ a. knowing the modes of proof, (as a logician). (
    -ज्ञः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -दृष्ट a. sanctioned by authority.
    -पत्रम् a written warrant.
    -पथः the way of proof.
    -पुरुषः an arbitrator, a judge, an umpire.
    -वाधितार्थकः a kind of Tarka in Nyāyasāstra.
    -भूत (˚णीभूत) a. authoritative. (
    -तः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -राशिः the quantity of the first term in a rule of three sums.
    -वचनम्, -वाक्यम् an authoritative statement.
    -शास्त्रम् 1 scripture.
    -2 the science of logic.
    -सूत्रम् a measuring cord.
    -स्थ a.
    1 of normal size.
    -2 unperturbed.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रमाणम् _pramāṇam

  • 19 सिद्धिज्ञान


    siddhi-jñāna
    n. knowledge of what is established, certain knowledge Sarvad.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > सिद्धिज्ञान

  • 20 ladino

    (Sp. model spelled same [laðino] < Latin latinum 'Latin.' In the Middle Ages it meant Romance, as opposed to Arabic, and referred to a Moor who could speak Latin; with reference to books, it applied to 'fine, learned, Latinlike' languages (according to Corominas), and later came to mean 'skillful,' 'astute,' or 'wise')
       Texas: 1892. Originally, a wild longhorn, but more recently, a horse or cow that is vicious, wild, and unmanageable, and seems to possess a certain crafty intelligence. The DARE indicates that this term may be used as a noun or as an adjective. Clark notes that it is sometimes applied to a "crafty or wily person." In Spanish, this term originally applied to a person who knew Latin or was wise or learned in general. It has since come to mean 'clever' or 'knowledgeable.' Santamaría confirms that in Coahuila, Mexico, the term is used to refer to a bull that, having been at one point confined to a corral, on its return to the field is not only wild again but seems to possess a certain knowledge of humans that allows it to evade all the cowboys who attempt to capture it.
        DARE: 1925. According to the DARE, white Dutch clover ( Tri-folium repens).

    Vocabulario Vaquero > ladino

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